RESUMO
An increased number of hepatitis A cases among refugees, asylum seekers and migrants residing in hosting facilities in Greece were recorded between April and December 2016. In total, 177 laboratory-confirmed symptomatic cases were reported; of these, 149 (84%) occurred in hosting camps mostly among Syrian children under 15 years. All cases reported symptom onset after their entry into the country. Public health interventions focused on hygiene measures and vaccination.
Assuntos
Notificação de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Vírus da Hepatite A Humana/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Refugiados/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Genótipo , Grécia/epidemiologia , Hepatite A/diagnóstico , Hepatite A/prevenção & controle , Vírus da Hepatite A Humana/genética , Humanos , Programas de Imunização , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Notificação de Abuso , Saúde Pública , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to evaluate any possible negative effect of diabetes on the self-esteem of children and adolescents with diabetes. METHODS: Self-esteem was evaluated using the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory (CFSEI-2) in 144 patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM; 7-18 years of age) treated in a diabetes center and compared against that of 136 healthy children and adolescents. RESULTS: Self-esteem was correlated with age (P = 0.017), but not with diabetes (P = 0.886). The median CFSEI-2 score for both healthy and diabetic children was 22. There was no significant correlation between self-esteem and sex, body mass index (BMI), physical exercise, HbA1c or parental educational level. According to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r(s)), there was a significant association between age and self-esteem (r(s) = -0.15). Conversely, although BMI (r(s) = -0.09) and treatment duration (r(s) = -0.107) had a slight negative effect on self-esteem and the duration of physical exercise (r(s) = 0.11) and parental education (r(s) = 0.07) seemed to have a positive effect, the associations did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Self-esteem in diabetic children is mainly affected by their age, level of physical activity and level of family support. These findings emphasize the need to discriminate between glycemic control and diabetic adjustment.
